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PermaFrost Case Study: Chiller Test - April 2003
Evaluation of Effects of PermaFrost Treatment on “CARRIER” Reciprocating
Air Conditioning Chiller Plant For ANZ Data Center
Prepared By: Mr. Dave Smalldon - April 2003
NOTE: The following is the executive summary of a 20-page report available at Carrier Chiller
Test: April 2003. Tables and appendices referred to in this summary are available in this PDF
INTRODUCTION
Product Overview: PermaFrost is a Refrigeration treatment which when added into any type
of Refrigeration system will reduce energy consumption by improving the efficiency of the system.
Aim:
To show the before and after performance behavior and verify the enhancements resulting from implementation of PermaFrost.
Pre Testing Dates: October 14, 2002
Post Testing Dates: January 21, 2003
System Details: Carrier HRWC 575D Chiller
Instruments Used: ETM 2000 Refrigeration Performance Analyzer.
Methodology Overview: The ETM 2000 was attached by HADEN, 310 Ferntree Gully Rd, Notting Hill, VIC to take performance
readings before and after PermaFrost implementation.
Results Overview: The results obtained clearly demonstrate the efficiency of the machine has increased 24% and a
marked improvement in the co-efficient of performance has been achieved.
removed.
METHODOLOGY
The Carrier Air Conditioning Chiller System located at the ANZ Data Centre was nominated as the benchmark system for
PermaFrost evaluation. The said Chiller operates on R22 and serves the Data Center.
Testing included an analysis of the above mentioned system on two separate intervals:
Before the addition of PermaFrost,
14 weeks following the addition of the PermaFrost.
To measure the performance of the system, the ETM 2000 refrigeration system analyzer was used to data log the operating
conditions of the system for both Pre and Post testing periods. Each test the analyzer collected data on the following operating
conditions over a 1 (One) hour period at approximately 5 (Five) second intervals:
TESTING
The refrigeration system of the chiller was first tested on September 1, 2003 before the product, PermaFrost was introduced into
the system and then on November 21, 2003 after the treatment. On both occasions the compressor was running at full capacity.
The Chiller system was Pre tested on 14 th October 2002. Following completion of testing a prescribed amount of PermaFrost
was injected into the system via the compressors low-pressure suction port. Consequently, the Post treatment test was carried
out on the system on 21 st January 2003 (approximately 13 weeks after PermaFrost injection).
This test took place while the system was under load in order to determine an accurate level of refrigeration performance.
RESULTS OF TESTING
Pre Treatment: October, 14 2002: (2.07 pm to 2.46 pm with an ambient temperature of 17.8 ° C):
Post-treatment Test (January 21, 2003: (12.02 pm to 12.44 pm with an ambient temperature of 22.6 ° C)
OBSERVATIONS
Comparisons of the mean operating conditions for the above tests are summarized in Table 1 over. From this table, a number of
observations can be made about the effects of PermaFrost in the chiller.
TABLE 1 - Test Results : Operating Mean Values
Pre-treatment Post-treatment % change
Cooling Capacity (kW) 168.82 209.07 23.80%
Power Input (kW) 52.90 57.50 8.60%
Coefficient of Performance, COP 3.26 3.74 15.00%
Discharge Temperature (°C) 87.90 90.00 2.38%
Ambient temperatures **( ° C ) 17.80 22.60 27.00%
Evaporator Pressure ( kpa ) highest 350 380 8.50%
Subcooling ( ° C ) highest 12.60 15.5 23.00%
** Source Bureau of Meteorology
CONCLUSION
From this table, a number of observations can be made about the effects of PermaFrost on the chiller:
Note A
The heat load on the building was greater due to the higher ambient temperature. Therefore under greater load the machine will
come down to the required indoor temperature much quicker which will have significant impact on the total amount of power
consumed.
The salient results are summarised in the bar graphs in the full report.
NOTE: The above is the executive summary of a 20-page report available at Carrier Chiller Test: April 2003. Tables and
appendices referred to in this summary are available in this PDF file.
Evaluation of Effects of PermaFrost Treatment on “CARRIER” Reciprocating
Air Conditioning Chiller Plant For ANZ Data Center
Prepared By: Mr. Dave Smalldon - April 2003
NOTE: The following is the executive summary of a 20-page report available at Carrier Chiller
Test: April 2003. Tables and appendices referred to in this summary are available in this PDF
INTRODUCTION
Product Overview: PermaFrost is a Refrigeration treatment which when added into any type
of Refrigeration system will reduce energy consumption by improving the efficiency of the system.
Aim:
To show the before and after performance behavior and verify the enhancements resulting from implementation of PermaFrost.
Pre Testing Dates: October 14, 2002
Post Testing Dates: January 21, 2003
System Details: Carrier HRWC 575D Chiller
Instruments Used: ETM 2000 Refrigeration Performance Analyzer.
Methodology Overview: The ETM 2000 was attached by HADEN, 310 Ferntree Gully Rd, Notting Hill, VIC to take performance
readings before and after PermaFrost implementation.
Results Overview: The results obtained clearly demonstrate the efficiency of the machine has increased 24% and a
marked improvement in the co-efficient of performance has been achieved.
removed.
METHODOLOGY
The Carrier Air Conditioning Chiller System located at the ANZ Data Centre was nominated as the benchmark system for
PermaFrost evaluation. The said Chiller operates on R22 and serves the Data Center.
Testing included an analysis of the above mentioned system on two separate intervals:
Before the addition of PermaFrost,
14 weeks following the addition of the PermaFrost.
To measure the performance of the system, the ETM 2000 refrigeration system analyzer was used to data log the operating
conditions of the system for both Pre and Post testing periods. Each test the analyzer collected data on the following operating
conditions over a 1 (One) hour period at approximately 5 (Five) second intervals:
- Power input
- Cooling capacity
- Coefficient of performance (COP)
- Suction superheat
- Liquid subcooling
- Compressor discharge temperature
- Optional (Condenser cooling water inlet temperature
- Condenser cooling water outlet temperature)
TESTING
The refrigeration system of the chiller was first tested on September 1, 2003 before the product, PermaFrost was introduced into
the system and then on November 21, 2003 after the treatment. On both occasions the compressor was running at full capacity.
The Chiller system was Pre tested on 14 th October 2002. Following completion of testing a prescribed amount of PermaFrost
was injected into the system via the compressors low-pressure suction port. Consequently, the Post treatment test was carried
out on the system on 21 st January 2003 (approximately 13 weeks after PermaFrost injection).
This test took place while the system was under load in order to determine an accurate level of refrigeration performance.
RESULTS OF TESTING
Pre Treatment: October, 14 2002: (2.07 pm to 2.46 pm with an ambient temperature of 17.8 ° C):
- The highest kWr absorbed was 168.82 KW r
- The power consumed by the chiller was, at it’s best 52.9 KW
- The C.O.P never reached above 3.26 but hovered around 3.13 most of the time.
Post-treatment Test (January 21, 2003: (12.02 pm to 12.44 pm with an ambient temperature of 22.6 ° C)
- Highest kWr absorbed was 209.07 KWr
- The lowest KWr absorbed 173.08 KWr.
- The power consumed was, at it’s best 57.5 KW.
- The C.o.P reached 3.74 when loaded.
OBSERVATIONS
Comparisons of the mean operating conditions for the above tests are summarized in Table 1 over. From this table, a number of
observations can be made about the effects of PermaFrost in the chiller.
TABLE 1 - Test Results : Operating Mean Values
Pre-treatment Post-treatment % change
Cooling Capacity (kW) 168.82 209.07 23.80%
Power Input (kW) 52.90 57.50 8.60%
Coefficient of Performance, COP 3.26 3.74 15.00%
Discharge Temperature (°C) 87.90 90.00 2.38%
Ambient temperatures **( ° C ) 17.80 22.60 27.00%
Evaporator Pressure ( kpa ) highest 350 380 8.50%
Subcooling ( ° C ) highest 12.60 15.5 23.00%
** Source Bureau of Meteorology
CONCLUSION
From this table, a number of observations can be made about the effects of PermaFrost on the chiller:
- C.O.P. increased significantly to 3.74 compared to 3.26. This indicates the system is able to handle more work for the
same compressor action. - KWr absorbed increased significantly by 24% to 209.07 KWr maximum from 168.82 KWr maximum. The system is
consistently absorbing more heat, which indicates the environment within the Data Center is getting to temperature quicker. - There is no significant increase in power consumed but the machine is absorbing more heat. This indicates that it will
be a lot more efficient , as the machine will run for a shorter period of time. Run time is less making the system
cheaper to run. - The amount of subcooling has increased. This means that the condenser is rejecting more heat AND the
evaporator can absorb more heat. This improvement on heat transfer will ultimately save running time, providing less
wear and tear on machinery. - The heat load on the building would have been greater in the post test phase ,due to higher ambient temperature.
Therefore this machine is absorbing more heat even when a greater load has been placed upon it.
Note A
The heat load on the building was greater due to the higher ambient temperature. Therefore under greater load the machine will
come down to the required indoor temperature much quicker which will have significant impact on the total amount of power
consumed.
The salient results are summarised in the bar graphs in the full report.
NOTE: The above is the executive summary of a 20-page report available at Carrier Chiller Test: April 2003. Tables and
appendices referred to in this summary are available in this PDF file.
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